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How Serious is Whiplash, Really! 
I
have reported in many prior ENewsletters on the lingering and often
devastating effects resulting from suffering a whiplash injury, but I
think that it warrants repeating. First, lets recall that a
true whiplash is not just sore muscles that occur after a crash. A
true whiplash involves neurological, ligamentous, discal, bony, and even
vascular components. It is a serious condition resulting from an
'acceleration-deceleration' force. The force (mass x
speed) may come from behind, in front or from either side. The head
and neck do not have to strike anything in the vehicle for the trauma to
occur. In fact, the damage is actually done before the head
moves! Let me repeat that statement because it is key in
understanding the whiplash injury. "The tearing
of tissue, whether it be muscle, ligament, blood vessel, or spinal cord,
occurs before the head even moves!" A muscle can
contract as fast as 150 milliseconds (ms). That is the speed of a
reflex. The 'shearing force' that passes through your body and the
vehicle during a crash, however, occurs at 50-75 ms. A protective
muscle reflex is slow in comparison. This means that the muscles
could not even protect you on impact. They never had a chance!
A famous race car driver died during a crash a couple of
years ago. When reviewing the video, it does not look like the
impact on the wall should have been hard enough to kill him, but the speed
and mass (force) across his neck and spine actually sheared his spinal
cord at the level of breathing and organ function. He may have
survived the impact, but he didn't survive the shearing force because it
was too fast and his muscles could not protect him. This
information about whiplash is not new to those of us who treat the
injuries, but the public is still in the dark about why we need to be so
careful in a motor vehicle. Here are some facts published as far
back as 1996 in the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, as well as other
sources previously reported.
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70% of whiplash injuries continue to be
pain-generating 15.5 years (mean) after the injury.
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10-15 years after the whiplash trauma, 18% of patients
improve, but 28% had gotten worse.
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Most whiplash trauma reaches a final stage by 2
years after the trauma, but 20-40% of injured people can still suffer
with a 'late-whiplash syndrome' that induces pain for many years.
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80% of women and up to 50% of men continue to have
pain 15 years after a whiplash injury.
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Most pain is generated from motion-joints called
facets (Who hasn't heard me talk about these little beauties?).
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Chronic whiplash causes abnormal psychological
assessment by 3 months post-trauma!
If these findings from multiple studies aren't enough to
scare you then you may need to take your pulse. The long-term affect
of whiplash trauma, which is undetected or ignored is devastating both
physically and financially. |
Why Do Kids Drive So Fast? 
It has always been supposed that teens drive too fast, are irrational
in their judgments behind the wheel, and have a higher number of accidents
than do more seasoned drivers. This type of talk might make for
interesting conversation, but is it true? The older that we
get, the more we tend to think that they (younger drivers)
might be more dangerous on the road than we were at that same age.
Teens, of course, deny that supposition and contend that they are being
wrongly targeted.
Who is Right?
I do not necessarily think that all teens are poor
drivers. I have driven many miles over the years, while following a
senior citizen with a flashing turn signal, but who has no intention on
turning. In Florida retirement communities I believe that they call
that the 'eventual left'. Just as dangerous is the middle aged
driver who insists on applying make up, shaving, eating full bowls of
cereal (with milk and spoon), and reading the paper or a novel. I have
seen each of these on a fairly regular basis, but this month took the
cake. As I was driving to work I was nearly rear-ended 3 times by a
middle-aged man who appeared to be smoking something other than a
cigarette. Rush-hour traffic was heavy, I couldn't get a plate, and
I also couldn't get out of his way until my turn. How irresponsible!
For these reasons I can't blame all youths for poor
driving habits, after all, look at the examples that we set for them.
I do have concerns, however, when looking at statistical research
regarding young people's driving habits and the injuries or death that
they do inflict on themselves. Some of the trauma is from
carelessness and inattention, while some injuries are purely derived from
a lack of experience behind the wheel.
In a meta-analysis of research data from the Northeastern
United States during the period 1998-2002, it was found that the
number
of crashes on slippery roads, and ratio comparison to crashes on dry
roads, were the highest among the youngest drivers.1
A
greater
number of crashes on slippery roads were found when comparing those aged
16 to 19 years of age within the following parameters:
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Speed
for conditions.
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Time
of day (5:00 to 9:00 am vs. 10:00 am to 2:00 pm).
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Time
of year (January vs. July).
-
Type
of road (rural vs. urban roads ).
-
Age
(16 to 17 years vs. 18 to 19 years).
An interesting side note to this study was that as
individuals got older, there was an increased risk for women being
involved in a crash on a slippery road when compared to men.
If being a young driver on the road is dangerous, how
about being too young on the road?
A 2006 Texas A&M research study evaluated the topic of
underage driving 2. It was found that when
children and teens under 16 years of age got behind the wheel, the results
were devastating. They evaluated 4170 underage accidents between
1995- 2000 and found that 65.5% resulted in serious injury or death.
The greatest factors for a crash were driving later in the day and at
night, younger was worse, rural areas were worse than city, passengers in
the vehicle increased risk and black youths had greater rates of crash
injury than white youths. These were a lot of accidents that objectively point to repeated problems.
Helping the young become better drivers is mandatory.
I treat many accident-related injuries and I can report that it is
difficult and, usually, labor-intensive to regain health that is lost by a
senseless accident. States are beginning to recognize this and some
are taking smart measures to protect younger drivers.
In
1997, the State of Georgia enacted the Teenage and Adult Drivers
Responsibility Act (TADRA).3 This was described as
..."a comprehensive legislative package that attempted to
reduce fatal crashes of teenaged drivers by introducing graduated driver's
licensing, "zero tolerance" of underage impaired drivers, and
automatic license revocation for speeding greater than 25 miles per hour
over the posted limit and other dangerous driving behaviors."
Data
accumulated on 317, 16-years old drivers who were involved in a fatal
crash (57/100,00) for the 5 1/2 years prior to the study were compared to
230 drivers killed in the 5 1/2 year period (36/100,00) after the law was
enacted. The 11 year period was significant for trends and behaviors
related to fatal crashes by teens. The reduction in deaths of 16
year olds was significant when there was a real penalty for bad
behavior and poor judgment behind the wheel, rather than just a veiled
threat/
1.
Marmor,
M., Marmor, N. 2006. Slippery road conditions and fatal motor
vehicle crashes in the northeastern United States, 1998-2002. Am
J Public Health. May;96 (5):914-20.
2.
Huber
J Jr., Carozza S., Gorman D. 2006. Underage driving as an indicator
of risky behavior in children and adolescents. J. Adolesc. Health.
May;38 (5):612-6.
3.
Rios, A., Wald, M., Nelson, S., Dark, K., Price, M., Kellermann, A. 2006.
Impact of
Georgia
's Teenage and Adult Driver Responsibility Act. Ann Emerg Med. Apr;47 (4):369.e1-7.
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